Understanding PCOS: A Rising Health Concern Among Women Due to Lifestyle Changes

By- Dr Kajal Singh, Associate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, NIIMS Medical College and Hospital

In today’s fast-paced lifestyle and changing dietary habits, hormonal imbalances are increasingly affecting women’s health. One such common yet serious condition is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which primarily impacts women of reproductive age. In PCOS, the body experiences hormonal imbalances, leading to various symptoms, most notably irregular menstrual cycles. Missing periods, experiencing very light or heavy bleeding, or going months without menstruation can all be signs of PCOS. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can help manage the condition effectively.

What Happens in the Body During PCOS?

1. Hormonal Imbalance

In PCOS, the body produces higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (such as androgens). This disrupts ovulation, preventing the ovaries from releasing an egg each month, which leads to irregular periods.

2. Insulin Resistance

Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning the body doesn’t use insulin effectively. As a result, it produces more insulin, which can increase androgen levels, worsening symptoms.

3. Ovarian Dysfunction

Elevated androgens and insulin interfere with egg development. Immature eggs accumulate in small sacs called follicles within the ovaries, appearing as cysts on ultrasound.

4. Low-Grade Inflammation

Some women with PCOS experience mild inflammation in the body, which may trigger the ovaries to produce more androgens.

5. Genetics and Lifestyle

PCOS often runs in families. Lack of physical activity and unhealthy weight gain can further aggravate the condition.

Common Symptoms of PCOS:

• Irregular Periods
   Delayed or absent periods, or periods with very light or heavy bleeding.
  
  
• Unwanted Hair Growth
   Thick, dark hair on the face, chin, chest, abdomen, or back.
  
  
• Acne
   Especially on the face, chest, and back.
  
  
• Hair Thinning or Hair Loss
   Scalp hair becomes thinner or starts falling out, resembling male-pattern baldness.
  
  
• Weight Gain
   Especially around the abdomen, difficulty losing weight.
  
  
• Fertility Issues
   Trouble conceiving due to a lack of ovulation.
  
  
• Dark Skin Patches
   Dark, velvety patches around the neck, underarms, or inner thighs (Acanthosis Nigricans).
  
  
• Fatigue or Mood Swings
   Feeling constantly tired, irritable, or having symptoms of depression.
  
  

What to Do If You Notice Symptoms of PCOS:

1. Consult a Doctor

Visit a gynecologist or an endocrinologist for proper diagnosis. They may recommend:

• Ultrasound to examine the ovaries
  
  
• Blood Tests to check hormone and blood sugar levels
  
  

2. Improve Your Diet

• Eat a low-sugar, low-carbohydrate diet
  
  
• Include plenty of vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and fiber
  
  
• Avoid processed, fried, and junk foods
  
  

3. Exercise Regularly

• Engage in 30 minutes of daily activity like walking, yoga, or fitness routines
  
  
• Helps regulate weight and improve insulin sensitivity
  
  

4. Manage Stress

• Practice meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises
  
  
• Ensure adequate and quality sleep

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5. Take Medications as Prescribed

Depending on your condition, your doctor may prescribe:

• Medications to regulate periods
  
  
• Medicines to control insulin levels
  
  
• Fertility-enhancing drugs (if you are planning pregnancy)
  
  

PCOS is manageable, but it requires time and consistent effort. With the right information, regular monitoring, and a healthy lifestyle, women can successfully control PCOS and lead a fulfilling life.